Conflito com a lei e sexismo: percepções de adolescentes de Sergipe (Brasil) / Conflicto con la ley y sexismo: percepciones de adolescentes de Sergipe (Brasil) / Conflict with the law and sexism: perceptions of adolescents in Sergipe (Brazil)

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como adolescentes do gênero feminino, em privação de liberdade, percebem a situação de conflito com a lei e o sexismo. Participaram quatro adolescentes que cumpriam medida socioeducativa de privação de liberdade em Sergipe (Brasil). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, interpretadas por meio da análise temática de conteúdo. Emergiram duas categorias: «Diferenças de gênero no ato infracional: a transgressão como característica masculina¼ e «Diferenças de gênero na medida socio-educativa: a obediência como característica feminina¼, indicando o impacto do gênero na percepção dessas adolescentes. Em conjunto, os resultados evidenciam que atentar ao recorte de gênero e às relações entre conflito com a lei e o sexismo são aspectos fundamentais para alcançar o ideário da legislação brasileira, o atendimento às especificidades das adolescentes numa proteção integral e igualitária.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es investigar cómo adolescentes, privadas de libertad, perciben la situación de conflicto con la ley y el sexismo. Participaron cuatro adolescentes que cumplían medida so-cioeducativa de privación de libertad en Sergipe (Brasil). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, interpretadas mediante análisis de contenido temático. Surgieron dos categorías: «diferencias de género en la infracción: la transgresión como característica masculina¼ y «diferencias de género en la medida socioeducativa: la obediencia como característica femenina¼, indicando el impacto del género en la percepción de estas adolescentes. En conjunto, los resultados muestran que la atención al género y la relación entre conflicto con la ley y sexismo son aspectos fundamentales para lograr los ideales de la legislación brasileña, que es respetar las especificidades de las adolescentes en una protección integral e igualitaria.

Abstract This study aims to research how female adolescents who are deprived of their liberty perceive the relationship between their conflict with the law and sexism. The participants were four adolescents who were detained in a correctional facility in Sergipe (Brazil). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and these were interpreted using thematic content analysis. Two categories emerged: «Gender differences in infractions: transgression as a male characteristic¼ and «Gender differences in so-cioeducational scenarios: obedience as a female characteristic¼, highlighting the impact of gender on the perceptions of these adolescents. The results obtained through this research indicate that concentrating gender and the relationship between conflict with the law and sexism are fundamental aspects for achieving ideal legislation that respects the specific situations experienced by adolescents and provides them with integrated and equal protection.

Egalitarian men: stereotypes and discrimination / Hombres igualitarios: estereotipos y discriminación en el mercado laboral

Abstract This article aimed to analyze the stereotypes attributed to "egalitarian men", understood here as men who support gender equality in relation to domestic and family responsibilities as well as inclusion in the workforce. To do so, two studies were carried out. The first study investigated the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian men through a single open question. A total of 250 university students participated in this study, of which 51.1% were male, and their average age was 21.5 years (SD = 4.39). The second study analyzed the attribution of stereotypes to egalitarian or traditional men and women in a work context considered masculine. Participants included 221 university students with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD = 4.19), the majority (54.3%) being male. Taken together, the results of the two studies indicate that the egalitarian man is perceived as fragile and possibly homosexual. On the other hand, he is also seen as being more competent than traditional men.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar los estereotipos atribuidos a los "hombres igualitarios", aquí entendidos como hombres que defienden la igualdad de género en lo que refiere a las responsabilidades domésticas y familiares, así como en la inserción laboral. Para ello, se realizaron dos estudios: el primero para investigar la atribución de estereotipos sobre los hombres igualitarios por medio de una única pregunta abierta, en el que participaron 250 estudiantes universitarios con edad media de 21.5 años (DE = 4.39), de los cuales el 51.1 % era del sexo masculino; y el segundo para analizar la atribución de estereotipos a hombres y mujeres igualitarios o tradicionales en un contexto laboral considerado masculino, que contó con la participación de 221 universitarios con edad media de 21.9 años (DE = 4.19), siendo la mayoría (54.3 %) del sexo masculino. En conjunto, los resultados de los dos estudios indican que el hombre igualitario es percibido como frágil y posiblemente homosexual; aunque, por otro lado, también es visto como más competente que los hombres tradicionales

Psychosocial Processes of Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace / Procesos Psicosociales de Discriminación contra la Mujer en el Lugar de Trabajo

Abstract This work aimed to analyze the influence of stereotypes on discrimination against women. Specifically, it investigated the effects of the candidate gender (man vs. woman), the status regarding parental leave (exercising the right vs. waiving the right), and the stereotypes of competence, sociability, and morality regarding this discrimination. Consistent with previous studies, the candidate gender and the parental leave status interact and together influence discrimination against women (Study 1, F(I, 229)=22.45, p<.001). In turn, the triple interaction of candidate gender, parental leave status, and the three dimensions of stereotypes (Study 2, F(4, 587)=2.73, p=.030, η2=.018) revealed that the woman who took parental leave received more positive evaluations in the three stereotypical dimensions, in comparison with to the woman who waived her right to the leave, and, at the same time, she was poorly assessed in the competence dimension, compared to the man who exercises the same right (Study 2, N=312).

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de los estereotipos en la discriminación contra la mujer. Específicamente, se investigó los efectos del género candidato (hombre frente a mujer); el estado con respecto al permiso parental (ejercicio del derecho frente a la renuncia al derecho) y los estereotipos de competencia, sociabilidad y moralidad sobre esta discriminación. De acuerdo con estudios anteriores, el género de los candidatos y el estado de licencia parental interactúan e influyen juntos en la discriminación contra las mujeres (Estudio 1, F(I, 229) =22.45, p<.001). A su vez, la triple interacción del género candidato, el estado de licencia parental y las tres dimensiones de los estereotipos (Estudio 2, F(4, 587)=2.73, p=.030, η2=.018) revelaron que la mujer que tomó la licencia de paternidad se evaluó de manera más positiva en las tres dimensiones estereotipadas, en comparación con la mujer que renunció a su derecho a la licencia quien, al mismo tiempo, se evaluó de manera más pobre en la dimensión de competencia en comparación con el hombre que ejerce el mismo derecho (Estudio 2, N=312).

Black people are convicted more for being black than for being poor: The role of social norms and cultural prejudice on biased racial judgments.

Black and poor people are more frequently convicted of committing crimes. However, the specific role played by skin color and social class in convicting a person has yet to be clarified. This article aims to elucidate this issue by proposing that belonging to a lower social class facilitates the conviction of black targets and that this phenomenon is because information about social class dissimulates racial bias. Study 1 (N = 160) demonstrated that information about belonging to the lower classes increases agreement with a criminal suspect being sentenced to prison only when described as being black. Furthermore, Studies 2 (N = 170) and 3 (N = 174) show that the anti-prejudice norm inhibits discrimination against the black target when participants were asked to express individual racial prejudice, but not when they expressed cultural racial prejudice. Finally, Study 4 (N = 134) demonstrated that lower-class black targets were discriminated against to a greater degree when participants expressed either individual or cultural prejudice and showed that this occurs when racial and class anti-prejudice norms are salient. The results suggest that social class negatively affects judgments of black targets because judgment based on lower class mitigates the racist motivation of discrimination.

Cuotas raciales: un estudio sobre las representaciones sociales de universitarios y no universitarios / Racial quotas: a study about university student's and non-university's social representations

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar el posicionamiento de estudiantes y no estudiantes frente a las cuotas raciales en las universidades públicas brasileñas, así como las justificaciones para ese posicionamiento. Además, investigar los niveles de prejuicio existentes entre los participantes y la relación entre su color de piel y sus posicionamientos frente a esas cuotas. Participantes. 83 estudiantes y 63 no estudiantes. Los resultados demostraron que los no estudiantes se perciben más prejuiciosos y un 74% de los participantes son favorables a las cuotas, siendo los autodeclarados negros los que indicaron mayor concordancia. El análisis léxico demostró que los estudiantes anclan sus posicionamientos en principios meritocráticos, mientras que los no universitarios anclan en principios igualitarios, reflejando la forma en cómo estos grupos construyen simbólicamente el significado de las cuotas raciales a partir de sus pertenencias sociales.

Abstract This work aimed at analyzing the positioning of students and non-students about racial quotas in the Brazilian public universities and the justifications for that positioning. We also investigated the levels of prejudice existing among the participants and the relationship between their skin color and their positions about those quotas. The participants were 83 students and 63 non-students. The results showed that non-students perceive themselves as more prejudiced and 74% of the them were favorable to the quotas, being the self-declared black those that indicated greater agreement. The lexical analysis showed that students anchor their positions in meritocratic principles, while non-students anchor on egalitarian principles, reflecting the way in which these groups symbolically construct the meaning of racial quotas based on their group memberships.

The role of values in attitudes towards violence: discrimination against Moroccans and Romanian Gypsies in Spain

The first objective of this study was to investigate whether police violence is more tolerated when the victim is a member of a social minority (e.g., Moroccan immigrants and Romanian Gypsies in Spain) than when the victim is a member of the social majority (e.g., Spaniards). The second objective was to use Schwartz value theory to examine the moderating role of values on attitudes towards tolerance of police violence. The participants were 207 sociology and social work students from a public university in Madrid. Overall, in this study, police violence was more accepted when the victim was a member of a social minority; F(2, 206) = 77.91, p = .001, ηp2 = 0.433, and in general, values moderated this acceptance. Thus, greater adherence to the conservation and self-promotion values subsystems would strengthen support for police violence towards a social minority member. On the other hand, greater adherence to the openness to change and self-transcendence subsystems diminish this support (AU)

No disponible